Long-term Consequences Of Injury Research Articles

One-year outcomes of traumatic injuries among survivors in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study on the employment outcomes and functioning state

BackgroundTraumatic injury is one of the top public health challenges globally. Injury survivors often experience poor health and functioning and restricted participation in employment. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity...

Caring for the injured: Exploring the immediate and long-term consequences of injury in medieval Cambridge, England

ObjectiveTo combine paleopathological and biomechanical analysis to reconstruct the impact that a severe skeletal injury had on an individual’s ability to function and participate in medieval society. MaterialsThree medieval individuals from Cambridge, England with ante-mortem fractures to the lower limb were analyzed. MethodsPlain X-rays were used to determine the degree of malunion, rotation and overlap of each fracture. Cortical bone architecture of the injured individuals and 28 uninjured controls were analyzed using micro-computed tomography (µCT). Clinical and functional consequences were examined using the Bioarcheology of Care framework. ResultsThe mechanism of injury, the secondary complications, and the extent of the care received was reconstructed for each individual. Bilateral asymmetry in the cortical bone architecture revealed the long-term alterations to each individual’s gait. ConclusionEach of these individuals survived a severe injury resulting in chronic physical impairment, though not all would have been considered ‘disabled’. SignificanceThis research contributes to the discussion about medieval care provision and social constructions of disability by illustrating how an interdisciplinary approach provides insight into the experiences of those with physical impairments. The integration of µCT imaging within the Bioarcheology of Care model is a novel approach with great potential for application across the field. LimitationsBiomechanical analysis was restricted to cortical geometry. Suggestions for future researchFurther study of bilateral asymmetry in trabecular architecture could complement our understanding of altered loading modalities in past societies.

Combat sport injuries profile: A review

Summary Objectives The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the injury location, injury diagnosis, injury risk factors and injury prevention among practitioners of different combat sports. News This review was conducted using databases of MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar. The studies concerned were classified according to the nature of the combat sports and the type of the injury by three authors using the titles, abstracts and full texts if available. Data from different observational studies suggest that there is a significant injury problem in combat sport in general because the main goal of the practitioners is to strike and/or to project opponent with maximal power and speed in order to win. This exposes them to permanent risk of injuries, which limit usually training effects, provoke disability conditions with competitiveness loss and often ruin their careers. However, it varies considerably across different styles. Researchers used retrospective and prospective method to explore specificity of injury but little is known about the actual severity of injuries in combat sports. Prospects and projects Future studies are highly encouraged to adopt stronger methodologies. The long-term consequences of injuries, a detailed balance sheet by nature of injury and specific preventive strategies are needed to support the findings presented in this review. Conclusion In this review, a preliminary injury profiles in combat sports was established containing location and types of injuries. Compared to other sports, combat sports are no more dangerous especially for beginner practitioners.

ACL-reconstructed and ACL-deficient individuals show differentiated trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during vertical hops more than 20\xa0years post-injury

PurposeLittle is known regarding movement strategies in the long term following injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and even less about comparisons of reconstructed and deficient knees in relation to healthy controls. The present purpose was to compare trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during a one-leg vertical hop (VH) ~20 years post-ACL injury between persons treated with surgery and physiotherapy (ACLR), solely physiotherapy (ACLPT), and controls (CTRL). Between-leg kinematic differences within groups were also investigated.MethodsSixty-six persons who suffered unilateral ACL injury on average 23 ± 2 years ago (32 ACLR, 34 ACLPT) and 33 controls performed the VH. Peak trunk, hip, and knee angles during Take-off and Landing phases recorded with a 3D motion capture system were analysed with multivariate statistics.ResultsSignificant group effects during both Take-off and Landing were found, with ACLPT differing from CTRL in Take-off with a combination of less knee flexion and knee internal rotation, and from both ACLR and CTRL in Landing with less hip and knee flexion, knee internal rotation, and greater hip adduction. ACLR also presented different kinematics to ACLPT and CTRL in Take-off with a combination of greater trunk flexion, hip flexion, hip internal rotation, and less knee abduction, and in Landing with greater trunk flexion and hip internal rotation. Further, different kinematics and hop height were found between legs within groups in both Take-off and Landing for both ACL groups, but not for CTRL.ConclusionDifferent kinematics for the injured leg for both ACL groups compared to CTRL and between treatment groups, as well as between legs within treatment groups, indicate long-term consequences of injury. Compensatory mechanisms for knee protection seem to prevail over time irrespective of initial treatment, possibly increasing the risk of re-injury and triggering the development of osteoarthritis. Detailed investigation of movement strategies during the VH provides important information and a more comprehensive evaluation of knee function than merely hop height. More attention should also be given to the trunk and hip in clinics when evaluating movement strategies after ACL injury.Level of evidenceProspective cohort study, Level II.

The elite young athlete: strategies to ensure physical and emotional health.

This article presents a current review of the risk of physical and psychological injury associated with participation in elite youth sport, and suggests strategies to ensure the physical and emotional health of these young athletes. Although there is lack of epidemiological data, especially with regard to psychological injury, preliminary data suggest that the risk of injury is high in this population. While there is lack of incident and follow-up data, there is also concern regarding burnout, disordered eating, and the long-term consequences of injury. Modifiable injury risk factors identified include postural control, competition anxiety, life events, previous injury, and volume of training. There are presently no studies designed to determine the effectiveness of injury prevention measures in elite youth sports. However, there is adequate evidence arising from injury prevention studies of youth sports participants – including neuromuscular training, protective equipment, mental training to enhance self-esteem, and sport rules modification – to prevent injuries in elite youth sports settings. Although not tested, psychosocial prevention strategies such as adoption of task-oriented coping mechanisms, autonomous support from parents, and a proactive organizational approach also show promise in injury prevention.

Sa2015 Traumatic Brain Injury and Intestinal Dysfunction: Investigating a Putative Role of the Brain-Gut Axis in Long-Term Consequences of Injury

Sa2015 Traumatic Brain Injury and Intestinal Dysfunction: Investigating a Putative Role of the Brain-Gut Axis in Long-Term Consequences of Injury

Lifespan perspective of professional footballers' health.

Lifespan perspective of professional footballers' health.

Regional rural injury study III: the roles of injury type and injured body part in determining short- and long-term consequences of injuries among children on agricultural operations

BackgroundChildren living on agricultural operations are at high risk of work-related injury.Aims/Objectives/PurposeEvaluate the effects of anatomical location of and type of injury on short- and long-term consequences among children (<20...

Research Yields New Insights Into Mechanisms and Treatment of Pain

WASHINGTON, DC—Acute pain is a short-lived sensation that can be treated with a variety of current therapies. Chronic pain is more intransigent, persisting for weeks, months, even years, sometimes because of an ongoing insult, sometimes long after an injury has healed, and sometimes even in the absence of any past injury. In neither type of pain is the pathogenesis completely understood, and a comprehensive picture of the mechanisms underlying these pain states, as well as the long-term consequences of injury, is needed to develop more effective pain therapies. While the drugs available to treat chronic pain are occasionally effective, rarely are they able to alleviate pain completely, said Allan Basbaum, PhD, of the University of California at San Francisco. “Inevitably, they stop working for reasons we don’t understand, or the adverse side effect profile of the treatment makes it impossible for the patient to tolerate it,” he said. Investigators at the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting held here in November presented new insights into the mechanisms of pain, along with novel approaches to pain treatment.

Long-term consequence of injury on self-rated health

BackgroundKnowledge on long-term consequences of injury on health is vital when injury prevention policies and emergency care are planned. However, few studies have described lasting health consequences associated with injury....

The Years After an Injury: Long-Term Consequences of Injury on Self-Rated Health

Knowledge on long-term consequences of injury on health is vital when injury prevention policies and emergency care are planned. However, few studies have described lasting health consequences associated with injury. This study analyses the relationship between injury and self-assessed health up to 10 years after the injury. The study makes use of a public health research database linking health interview survey information with data from national health registries. Using this database, the health of a group of Danish patients with injury events during 1995 to 2005 was compared with a noninjured group up to 10 years after the injury. The association between self-assessed general health and self-reported depression and injury-related factors were estimated using logistic regression analysis. When patients with injuries compared with noninjured, the odds ratios of poor self-assessed general health and self-reported depression were 1.83 (confidence level, 1.53-2.19) and 1.33 (confidence level, 1.14-1.54), respectively. Although decreasing with time, the effect of injury on general health was significant up to 10 years after the injury. The injury type was significantly related to health, and in particular, patients with back, head, and neck injuries reporting poor general health. No gender differences were found in the effect of injury on self-assessed health. Injuries have lasting consequences for physical and mental health up to 10 years after the injury event, in particular, for people sustaining head, neck, and back injuries. Sustaining an injury has the same effect on general health in men and women.

Families of patients with polytrauma: Understanding the evidence and charting a new research agenda

Although research shows that caring for a family member with chronic disease or disability can cause significant distress for caregivers, it also shows that families that function well and adequately support patients can improve the quality of life and health outcomes for their ill or disabled family member. Currently, little knowledge exists about how families function and cope after a loved one has sustained polytrauma, the multiple traumatic injuries that often include traumatic brain injury (TBI). We summarize the polytrauma and TBI research about family needs during rehabilitation and recovery, describe current efforts to improve family-centered care, and detail approaches for understanding family resilience and the long-term consequences of injuries on families. We conclude with recommendations for future research in inpatient and outpatient settings where evidence has been limited for families of patients with TBI and is nonexistent for families of patients with polytrauma. Understanding many of these issues will help to better inform families of policies for benefits and resources and help researchers and clinicians plan for appropriate interventions.

A preliminary investigation into the long-term injury consequences reported by retired baseball players

Seventy-five retired baseball players participated in a survey (37.8% response rate) in order to establish the long-term consequences of injuries sustained during their playing careers. Respondents had a mean age of 55.8 (+/-11.4) years with a mean age of 41.3 (+/-11.4) years at retirement from play. The mean overall rate of injury suffered per player/playing career was 5.6 (+/-7.1). 54.7% of respondents experienced a major injury (i.e. injury resulting in 5 or more consecutive weeks absence from training and play) with a mean major injury per player/playing career of 1.5 (+/-2.2). The rate for significant injuries (i.e. injury resulting in more than 1 week but less than 5 weeks absence from training and play) was 4.1 (+/-6.5) per player/playing career. Catchers had significantly less injuries than all other positions (p=0.027). 18.7% of all respondents reported suffering from arthritis, 24% from restricted joint mobility and 4% from chronically stiff fingers; all of these conditions were associated with their participation in baseball based on medical examination by their GP or medical specialist. 29.3% of respondents indicated that they had incurred additional medical costs and 12% reported significant loss of income associated with their injuries. Some injuries were severe enough that they resulted in extended stays in hospital producing costs carried by the health care system.

THE ORTHOPEDISTS' PERSPECTIVE: Bone Tumors, Scoliosis, and Trauma

Although a detailed, comprehensive look at pediatric orthopedists' use of imaging is beyond the scope of this article, we offer an orthopedist's perspective of the role imaging plays in the care of children with tumors, scoliosis, and trauma. Given the growing, dynamic state of a child's skeleton, the long-term consequences of injury must always be considered.

Sick leave and disability pension among passenger car occupants injured in urban traffic.

A follow-up cohort study of passenger car occupants injured in car crashes in an urban area in Sweden. To analyze the injuries, injury events, and long-term consequences of injuries in car crashes. The consequences of car crashes usually are described in terms of the number of people injured, the severity of injuries, or the number of inpatient days. Certain types of crash injuries can results in long-term sick leave and granting of disability pension. The increased socioeconomic significance of these outcomes is not always indicated by analysis of commonly used variables. Two hundred fifty-five passenger car occupants aged 16-64 years who were injured in car crashes in urban traffic were analyzed in terms of length of sick leave and receipt of disability pension. Strain of the cervical spine was the most common type of injury (55%, 141 injuries), and these injuries accounted for 82% of all sick leave taken within 2.5 years after the injury event. Injury to the cervical spine in 16 of 18 cases resulted in long-term sick leave or dependence on disability pension. The most common injury mechanism was rear-end collisions (39%). This type of crash resulted in 64% of all sick-leave days within 2.5 years after the injury event. Twelve out of 18 injured people on long-term sick leave or receiving disability pension had been in cars struck from behind. It is important to include long-term consequences in the form of sick leave and disability pension when describing the consequences of different types of car crashes and injuries.

Injury consequences from participation in professional rugby league: a preliminary investigation.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a preliminary investigation to determine if injuries sustained while playing professional rugby league have long term consequences for players after retirement from their playing careers. METHOD: Twenty...